Los Angeles International Airport (IATA: LAX, ICAO: KLAX, FAA LID: LAX) is the main airport of Greater Los Angeles, the second most populous urban area in America. It is generally referred to its IATA airport code LAX, with the letters pronounced individually (el-one-ex). LAX is located in southwestern Los Angeles neighborhood of Westchester, 16 mi (26 km) from downtown and is the main airport serving the Los Angeles World Airports (Lawa) association. In2010, LAX was the sixth busiest airport in the world with 58,915,100 passengers. 3 In 2009, SFO was the fifth busiest airport in the world of moving traffic with 634 383 total aircraft takeoffs and landings. LAX is the largest airport in California in terms of flight operations, passenger traffic and air cargo activity, followed by San Francisco International Airport (SFO). Although LAX is the busiest airport in the metropolitan Los Angeles, the region is based on a multiple airport system because of its expansion. Many of the most famous attractions in the region are closer to alternative airports to LAX, for example, Hollywood and Griffith Park are closer to Bob Hope Airport in Burbank, while Disneyland, Honda Center, Angel Stadium of Anaheim and other Orange County attractions are closer to John Wayne Airport in Orange County. Long Beach Airport is located near some of the most popular attractions of the coast of southern California as Palos Verdes and Huntington Beach, and LA / Ontario International Airport is close to major cities in the Inland Empire, Riverside and San Bernardino. The airport occupies some 3,500 acres (5 square miles, 14 km2) 2 of the city on the Pacific coast, about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of downtown Los Angeles. Coastal location of the airport makes it punishable by low clouds or fog conditions requiring lie sometimes flights are diverted to LA / Ontario International Airport, 47 miles (76 km) east In 1928, the City of Los Angeles has selected 640 acres (1.00 square kilometers, 2.6 km2) in the southern part of Westchester as the site of a new airport for the city. The grain fields of wheat, barley and Lima became runways on land without the terminal buildings. It was named for William W. Minefield Mining, real estate agent who organized the affair. 5 The first structure, Hangar No. 1, was built in 1929 and is registered in the National Register of Historic Places 6. Minefield was dedicated and opened as the official airport of Los Angeles in 1930, and the city has acquired a municipal airport in 1937. The name was officially changed to Los Angeles in 1941 and the airport in Los Angeles in 1949. 7 The main airline at the airports of Los Angeles was the Burbank Airport (then known as Union Air Terminal, and later Lockheed) and the Grand Central Airport in Glendale. In 1940, most airlines served only Burbank;. In late 1946 the majority of airline flights moved to Los Angeles, but has always kept a few trips 8 Mining does not extend west of Sepulveda Boulevard (reverse 1939 aerial photograph), Sepulveda was diverted in 1950 to loop around the west end of the extended east-west runway (Runway 25L and 25R now ), which by November 1950 was 6000 feet (1800 m) long. (Aerial view south) A tunnel was completed in 1953 so that Sepulveda Boulevard to return to the straight and pass under the two channels, it was the first tunnel of its kind. In the coming years, the two tracks were 8500 feet (2600 m) long. July 10, 1956 The prototype of the Boeing 707 (the 367-80) visited LAX. The Los Angeles Times said it was his first appearance in a "regional airport" outside the Seattle area. 1 The Official Airline Guide in April 1957 showed 66 outlets in the week United Airlines, American Airlines 32, 32 Western Airlines, TWA, 27 SW 9, 5 and 3 Bonanza Air Lines Mexicana Airlines, also 22 weekly flights on the Pan American World Airways and 5 a week in the Scandinavian Airlines (the only direct flights to Europe). In 1958, the architectural firm of Pereira & Luckman was hired to design a master plan for the complete overhaul of the airport in anticipation of the "era of jet." The plan, developed with architects Welton Becket and Paul Williams, called for a massive series of terminals and parking structures to be built in the central part of the property, these buildings in the center of a large steel and glass dome. The plan was never realized, and Theme Building shortly after was built on land originally intended for the dome. A distinctive "Theme Building" white, designed by Pereira & Luckman architect Paul Williams and built in 1961 by Robert E. McKee Construction Co., resembles a flying saucer that landed on four legs. Restaurant sweeping views of the airport were suspended for less than two arcs, which form the legs. Los Angeles City Council designated the building a cultural and historical monument in 1992. 4000000 U.S. dollar renovation, with retro-futuristic interior and electric lighting designed by Walt Disney, was completed before the "Encounter Restaurant" opened in 1997. 9, tourists and travelers can take an elevator to the roof, "Theme Building", which closes after the September 11 attacks to the public for safety reasons, and again during the weekends from June 10, 2010. 10 American Airlines 707-123s flew the first passenger plane from Los Angeles to New York in January 1959. The first wide-body Boeing 747 TWA were in New York in early 1970 7 All the terminals have been the source of the satellite buildings in the center of the track, came through underground tunnels in the sales area input 11. In 1981, the airport began a $ 700 million expansion in preparation for the 1984 Olympics. To simplify and reduce traffic congestion in the U-shaped road that leads to the entrance of the terminal was given a second level, with the lowest level for passengers arriving and departing the next level. The construction of a connector between the areas of ticketing and satellite buildings were added, is to change the design of a "spring" design and immersive installation. Two new terminal (Terminal 1 and Terminal Internacional) were constructed and Terminal 2, then two decades old, was rebuilt. Car multi-story structures were also built in the center of the airport 7. On July 8, 1982, was groundbreaking for two new terminals made by Mayor Tom Bradley and World War II Aviator General James Doolittle. The $ 123 million, 963,000 square feet (89,500 m2) international terminal was opened June 11, 1984, and named in honor of Mr. Bradley. 7 29. April 1992, the airport was closed for violence and purges after the 1992 riots in Los Angeles during the Rodney King beating. The airport was closed again January 17, 1994 due to the Northridge earthquake. In 1996, $ 29 million 277-foot (84 m) high control tower was built near the Empire theme. Overhanging awnings to its vague resemblance to palm. 7 Theme Building decorated with light displays and Christmas season 2000, first in Los Angeles hosted the Democratic National Convention, fifteen glass columns up to ten stories high, were placed in the joint ring Sepulveda Boulevard and Century Boulevard, with additional columns of decreasing height following Century Boulevard east, evokes a sense of origin and arrival time. It was designed by Selbert Perkins Design designers, and 30 foot towers, "LAX", the letters provide a gateway to the airport and provide an interesting reference point for visitors. 12, lit from within, through the columns slowly, a rainbow of colors, is a multi-cultural makeup of Los Angeles and can be customized to hold events, holiday or season. This was part of an overall facelift that included new signage and various other cosmetic enhancements, which led to Ted Tokio Tanaka Architects. At various times, LAX is a hub for TWA, Air California, Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Pacific Southwest Airlines, US Airways, Western Airlines and Flying Tiger Line. From the mid-1990s in Los Angeles, Mayor Richard Riordan and James Hahn modernization and expansion plans for LAX were prepared only to be blocked by a coalition of residents living near the airport. These impacts increase in noise, pollution and traffic of the project. In late 2005, was elected Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa to reach a compromise so that some modernization to grow as future growth, among other facilities in the region. It is illegal to restrict the number of passengers that can use an airport, but in December 2005 the city agreed to limit their construction of the passenger doors when the 163rd hits 75 million passengers use the two ports per year for up to five years will be closed, which theoretically should reduce the maximum growth to 79 million passengers per year. In turn, civil trials has dropped, giving the city to implement much needed improvements at the airport. 14 '25 And again in March 2007 7R/25L track would be 55 feet (17 meters) south to prevent runway incursions and prepare the runway, the Airbus A380. Other drains, and improved runway has been added. Runway 25L is now 800 feet (240 m) south of the center line parallel runway centerline and the parallel taxiway between the runways, taxiways was completed in 2008. On September 18, 2006 Los Angeles World Airports started a $ 503 million renovation of the Tom Bradley International Terminal. The improvements include the installation of paging, air conditioning and electrical systems, with new elevators, escalators, baggage carousels and a digital signal will automatically update flight information. Also, a large explosive detection machine will be incorporated into the baggage system underground terminal, and the federal government will fund the system. The Los Angeles Times in February 2007, many airlines flying outside of the United States have reduced flights to LAX and moved to other airports such as San Francisco International Airport and McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas Nevada, due to outdated terminals. Airlines flying to the station of Tom Bradley International reduced because the International Terminal is 22 years and has not been updated. 15 August 15, 2007, the city of Los Angeles Board approved a proposed $ 1.2 billion to build a new 10-gate terminal to handle international flights using the A380 16. Adding the gates of the first new construction since early 1980, the new structure will be built just west of the Tom Bradley International Terminal on a site that is occupied mostly by aircraft hangars of passengers transported by the construction people ranging from motor terminal. 16 must be completed in 2012. On March 19, 2007 Airbus A380 made its debut at LAX, landing on runway 24L. The city officials fought for the super-jumbo jet to land at LAX, in addition to his American debut in New York's JFK airport. 17 31. March 2008, the Los Angeles Times reported that international airlines were once again flocking to Los Angeles Tom Bradley International Terminal, and increased the number of flights to or be informed of existing and new destinations. The weakening of the dollar caused by the wave of demand for travel in the United States, and airlines are among the new V Australia LAX and Emirates Airlines. In addition, Korean Air, Qantas, Air China, Air France, and have all the new routes, TAM Brazilian Airlines and Avianca vectors and Brazil plan to start the service because it is a new British airline, which offers an all-business-class return on the busy Los Angeles-London route. Influx of new flights comes in the midst of restructuring of the airport, LAX, and emphasizes the role of the international gateway for the west coast of the United States. 18 New services were launched or reinstated in 2011 which further improved the status of the LAX international gateway leading to the western United States. In March of this year, nonstop service to Istanbul Ataturk International Airport was inaugurated by Turkish Airlines, which offers the first non-stop service on the road, while Iberia Airlines restored stopover in Los Angeles, Madrid flight As part of its accession to the Oneworld alliance. Qantas has launched the service with Airbus A380, October 20, 2008, calculated the west side doors remotely. They will choose the service day to and from Melbourne and Sydney to Los Angeles, and now can be found boarding and disembarking daily in the international terminal. Effective in July 2011, Singapore Airlines began service with Airbus A380 on a route from Singapore-Tokyo-Los Angeles. In early October 2011, Korean Airlines begins stopover in Seoul-Los Angeles service with the Airbus A380. With the addition of these services ends LAX New York JFK as one of only two airports in the United States has three flights of large aircraft. Today, the airport is an important hub for United Airlines, Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, 19, and Great Lakes Airlines, and focus on the urban Southwest Airlines, Allegiant Air, Air New Zealand, Qantas and Virgin America. It also serves as an international gateway for Delta Air Lines. After the United fusion Continental Airlines, the airport is the seventh United Center. The "X" in the 1930 LAXBefore, existing airports used a two-letter abbreviation based on weather stations at airports. At that time, served as "LA" as a designation for the airport in Los Angeles. But with the rapid growth of the aviation industry, the designations expanded to three letters, circa 1947, and "LA" became "LAX". The letter "X" has no precise meaning in this identifier. 20 "LAX" is also used for the Port of Los Angeles in San Pedro, and Amtrak Union Station in downtown Los Angeles. spottingLAX Aircraft is a famous place to identify commercial aircraft, especially on "Imperial Hill" area (also known as Clutter Park) in El Segundo from which nearly the entire complex of the South from the airport can be seen. Another spotting location sits for the final approach to runways 24 L & R on a small lawn next to the Westchester In-N-Out Burger, and is one of the few places in Southern California, from which observers can attend a wide variety of low-flying commercial aircraft directly under the flight path. 21 28861477 TerminalsLAX handled shipments, the total number of passengers on a plane in 2008. This makes Los Angeles the third largest airport in the United States in terms of shipments. 22 It is the world's sixth busiest airport by passenger traffic 23 and the eleventh busiest by cargo traffic, 24 serving over 60 million passengers and over two million tonnes of freight in 2006. It is the busiest airport in the State of California and the third busiest airport by passenger traffic in the United States based on final 2006 statistics. 25 In terms of international passengers, LAX is the second largest in the U.S. (behind JFK in New York) 26 and 26 in the world 27 The airport also claims to be "the most popular origin the world and destination (O & D) airport "28 - namely, the busiest airport in terms of number of passengers that do not change plans .. LAX connects 87 national and 69 international destinations in North America, Latin America, Europe, Middle East, Asia and Oceania. Its most important airlines are United Airlines (18.24% of passenger traffic, combined with United Express traffic), American Airlines (14.73%) and Southwest Airlines (12.62%). Other companies with a presence on a lesser scale include Delta Air Lines (11.12%), Alaska Airlines (4.74%), and Continental Airlines (3.76%). 29 The control tower at LAX Theme Building and Terminal 4LAX has seen nine passenger terminals arranged in a "U" also called "horseshoe". The terminals are served by a shuttle. United Airlines / United Express operates the most departures from the airport per day (210), followed by American Airlines / American Eagle (126), and Southwest Airlines (123). 29 United Airlines operates most destinations, followed by American Airlines and Alaska Airlines / Horizon. Most major international airlines at LAX include Qantas, Air New Zealand, Air Canada, Air France, Lufthansa, British Airways and Korean Air. In addition to these terminals, there are 2 million square feet (186,000 m²) of cargo facilities at LAX, a heliport and operated by Bravo Aviation. Continental Airlines citation needed and Qantas 30 each have maintenance facilities at LAX, although none of transport has a center there. 1Terminal Terminal 1 has 15 gates: 1-3, 4A, 4B, and 5 to 14 houses of Southwest Airlines, U.S. Airways and U.S. Airways Express. Terminal 1 was completed in 1984 and was occupied by the Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA), Aircalin, Muse Air and USAir. And 'the greatest of all the terminals in terms of number of ports, the busiest terminal, and local flights. In the summer of 2011, Southwest Airlines and U.S. Airways offers 135 daily departures from the institution. Terminal 2 has 11 gates 2Terminal: 21-21B, 22, 22B, 23, 24, 24B, 25-28. It is home to most foreign companies do not use the Tom Bradley International Terminal with a few domestic airlines: Aeromexico, Air Canada, Air China, Air France / KLM, Air New Zealand, Alitalia, Hawaiian Airlines, Sun Country Airlines TACA / Lacsa, Virgin Atlantic, WestJet and Volaris. Terminal 2 was built in 1962 and was the original international terminal. I was completely broken and rebuilt in 1984. Terminal 2 has CBP (Customs and Border Protection) facilities to process international travelers arrive. For many years, hosted services such as Northwest Airlines moved to Terminal 5 in 2009 with the merger of that company with Delta Air Lines. Note: Some arrivals TACA / LACSA treated Tom Bradley International Terminal. Terminal 3 has 12 gates 3Terminal:. 30, 31A, 31B, 32, 33A, 33B, 34-36, 37A, 37B and 38 (Gate 39 was removed to make room for 777 V operation in Australia is 38) Terminal 3 was opened in 1961 and was the terminus of Trans World Airlines. That once housed some American Airlines flights after the airline acquired Reno Air and TWA in 1999 and 2001, respectively. Finally, all U.S. flights were transferred to Terminal 4. In October 2010, AirTran Airways, Alaska Airlines and its subsidiary Horizon Airlines, JetBlue, V Australia and Virgin America is the main tenant of Terminal 3. Alaska Airlines plans to move from Terminal 3 to Terminal 6 at the end of 2011 and is expected to begin operations there in early 2012 31. Note: V Australia and Alaska Airlines arrivals from international airports prior authorization without borders of the United States are treated at the Tom Bradley International Terminal. In addition, Virgin America is using the Terminal 2 arrivals to Cancun. Terminal 4 Interior view of Terminal 4 has 14 gates 4Terminal: 40-41, 42A-42B, 43-45 (44 is the bus door to the American Eagle terminal satellite), 46A, 46B, 47A, 47B, 48A, 48B , 49B. Terminal 4 was built in 1961 and 2001, was renovated at a cost of $ 400 million to improve the appearance and functionality of the system. It is home to American Airlines, which operates the center on the West Coast at the airport, and its subsidiary airline passengers, American Eagle. American is the only tenant in the T4, which are not daily departures to Auckland Qantas and Brisbane. International arrivals to the installation of American Airlines service was also added in the renovation in 2001. In the summer of 2011, American Airlines, American Eagle and Qantas will operate 156 daily departures from the hotel. Note: American Eagle flights operate from a remote terminal east of the terminal 8. 44 serves as a gateway to the bus stop at Terminal 4. The remote terminal is connected by buses to the 2 terminals (Gate 22A), 3 (Gate 35) and 5 due to code share with Eagle Hawaii, Alaska and Delta, respectively. Terminal 5 Delta Boeing 757-200 at Los Angeles in August 2003Terminal 5 has 14 gates: 50B, 51A, 51B, 52A, 52B, 53A, 53B, 54A, 54B, 55A, 56-57, 58A, 59 Operation, Western Airlines' this terminal since its opening in 1962, and continued until the Western merged with Delta Air Lines April 1, 1987. Terminal 5 has been redesigned, expanded the original terminal building, satellite TV and ticketing services, and renovated from 1986 until early 1988. It 'was officially called "Delta Oasis in Los Angeles," with the slogan "Take Five at LAX," while the construction was completed in summer 1988. Northwest Airlines moved all operations to Terminal 5 and Terminal 6 next to the Delta Air Lines, June 30, 2009, the merger of the airline. Terminal 6 Virgin America Airbus A319 Terminal 6 In December 2008, Virgin America 3.Terminal moved to Terminal 6 has 14 gates: 60-61, 62-62A, 63-66, 67a, 67b, 68b, 68A, 69A, 69B. Some of this terminal has changed little since its opening in 1961, in 1979, the new gates were expanded from the main building, because it is obvious roundabout at the end. Four of these ports has two jetways, which can accommodate large aircraft. Terminal 6 Tenants air host with a variety of relationships at the airport. Continental integrated connector and owner of the building (which connects the buildings and tickets rotunda), and let out a big space in the building box. Continental re-let some of its ports for Delta, in addition to its base at Terminal 5 United rents space from the airport to the terminal 6, in addition to its base in the seventh terminal Most doors can feed passengers Rotunda on arrival in a sterile corridor across the shunts are 7 customs and immigration facilities. Other airlines such as Frontier and Spirit, playground and function of terminal 6 according to a monthly tariff agreement. As a foreign flag airline, Copa, sixth from Terminal Alaska Airlines in April 2011 agreed a deal with the Los Angeles World Airports to renovate Terminal sixth airline will move its flights to Terminal 6, and eight other airlines currently operate from the terminal will be relocated. 32 7Terminal Terminal 7 has 11 gates 70A, 70B, 71A, 71B, 72-74, 75A, 75B, 76-77. This terminal was opened in 1962. Five of these ports has two jetways, which can accommodate large aircraft. Terminal 7 is home to United Airlines. The terminal was renovated in 1997 and 1999, and the United Red Carpet Club and International First Class Lounge. Terminal 8 has 9 gates 8Terminal: 80-88. This terminal was added for turboprops and light aircraft in 1988 and previously served by U.S. shuttle flights. In 2002, removed all non-Express flights to terminals 6 and 7. However, the terminal 8 is now used by major new United flights. Tom Bradley International Terminal (TBITS) Tom Bradley International Terminal in the early morning hours Check-in desks at the Tom Bradley International Terminal Tom Bradley International TerminalThe 12 gates, six of them in the lobby of the north and six in the South Hall. In addition, there are nine satellite gates for international flights are on the west side of Los Angeles. Passengers are transported to the west side doors of the bus. The terminal is home to most international airlines not in Terminal 2, including Turkish Airlines, British Airways, Lufthansa and Swiss Airlines and major Asian airlines. This terminal opened for the 1984 Summer Olympics and was named after Tom Bradley, the first African American mayor service and longer (20 years) from Los Angeles, and champion of LAX. The terminal is located on the western edge of the area of ​​the passenger terminal building between Terminals 3 and 4. There are 34 airlines that serve the Tom Bradley International Terminal and the terminal handles 10 million passengers a year. In 2010, the reform has resulted in additional space for an in-line baggage screening, three great Alliance, in line with living rooms and a non-aligned (to replace a number of specific airline lounges) and completely restyled and departures area arrivals. On November 17, 2008, Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa presented the design concepts and Bradley West LAX midfield Concourse projects. Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA), with municipal officials, Fentress Architects in association with HNTB selected to develop a design concept for the modernization of LAX. The goal of modernization is to improve the passenger experience. On February 22, 2010, began construction of the proposed $ 1.5 billion Bradley West. The project will add more than 1,250,000 square feet (116,000 m2) of retail, restaurants and passenger lounges, as well as new security checks, customs and immigration and baggage claim. Existing terminal of the two halls will be demolished and replaced by a larger pair with 18 gates, of which nine will be able to accommodate super-jumbo aircraft. The deadline for the project includes the step of opening in early 2012, with the full extent of Bradley West has done in early 2014. destinationsLAX Airlines and manages more "origin and destination" (ie not connecting) passengers than any other airport in the world. 33 is the fifth busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic 23 and the best XI for the traffic load 24, serving over 60 million passengers and more than two million tons of cargo in 2006 . It is the busiest airport in the State of California and the third busiest airport by passenger traffic in the United States on the basis of statistics in late 2006. 25 In terms of international passengers, LAX is the third largest in the U.S. (Only behind New York-JFK) and Miami International Airport and 26 in the world 27. United Airlines / United Express operates the most departures from the airport followed by American Airlines / American Eagle and Southwest Airlines. United also operates more destinations, followed by American Airlines and Alaska / Horizon. Qantas operates most destinations throughout the Pacific (4), with direct service to Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Auckland. Lufthansa serves more destinations in Europe, while Alaska Airlines serve most destinations in Latin America LAX pylons been improved in 2006, stage lighting in the cylinders were replaced with LED energy-saving, easy maintenance and to allow the application cycle for the effects of different colors. 13